make commoning work

# A Framework by

Silke Helfrich is an uninstitutionalized academic and independent activist.

David Bollier is a commons activist, scholar, author and blogger.

This framework helps us to develop a commons vocabulary (not taxonomy) and is the foundation of our thinking about commoning and the commons. It is imperfect and incomplete if only because the realities of the human condition ultimately elude full systemization and analysis. Despite attempts to create an "utopia of rules" (David Graeber) through bureaucracy and other systems of control, human agency is always dynamic, surprising and boundary-crossing: a case of biopoetics vs. universal systems, one might say.

Working Together Teamwork Puzzle Concept. source

Each section below describes aspects of commons as seen through different lens; there is therefore an overlap and correspondence among the patterns on each list. Note that the lists do not assert universal, ahistorical principles of commons, but rather recurrent, general *patterns* of commoning that vary widely. (Foto Wikimedia Commons

four layers

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# b) Geographic Location or Scope

Nation-States in: Africa, Asia, Americas, Australia/Oceania, Europe Beyond Nation-States: bioregional, transnational

# c) Alphabetical Listing of Projects & Initiatives