A public-commons partnership is "an alternative vision of city governance in which heterogeneous individuals and institutions can collaborate together to co-create or co-govern the city, or parts of the city, as a common resource" -- a form of "urban collaborative governance." (Foster & Iaione, p. 335). This idea has been developed by legal scholars, especially Christian Iaione (Italy) and Sheila Foster (US). ??? --->Published in two books on the so called in-house companies managing large local utilities networks and the regulation of urban mobility.
According to Iaione:
"the public-commons approach proved to work in a terrific way on small scale resources ... as the Bologna Regulation shows.
The Bologna Regulation is a pioneering effort by the city government of Bologna, Italy, to assert the legal authority and engage with self-organized citizens and neighborhoods in working together to deal with abandoned buildings, managing public spaces and social services, and other needs identified by citizens. The project began when citizens wishes to install benches in a public space but the city bureaucracy had no procedures for dealing with such citizen-initiated requests.
The systems developed by the Bologna government are now being tested in formal public-commons partnerships in a number of Italian cities. Three prominent examples include Co-Bologna html 
, Co-Roma html and Co-City Turin html or html .
Sheila R. Foster and Christian Iaione, "The City as a Commons," 34 Yale Law & Policy Review 281 (2016) website
Sheila Foster, "The Co-City," American Journal of Economics and Sociology.